ABB Unitrol Excitation System

This course is intended to provide the participant with a practical knowledge of the ABB Unitrol Excitation System in order to improve the individual’s ability to maintain, troubleshoot, and repair the equipment. The course covers the complete description of equipment, principles of operation, detailed circuit analysis, testing and maintenance. This course is recommended for technicians and engineers whose responsibilities include maintenance and repair of the ABB Unitrol Excitation System.

COURSE OUTLINE

I. Excitation Fundamentals

A. Voltage Control

B. VAR Control

II. Unitrol Excitation System Overview

A.Block Diagram

B. Major Components

III. Exciter

IV. Power Rectifier

V. Field Breaker and Discharge Resistor

VI. Automatic Voltage Regulator

A. Voltage Regulating Unit

B. Grid Control Unit

C. Filter Unit

D. Motor Driven Rheostat

VII. Manual Regulator

VIII. Follow-Up Controller

A. Measurand Converter

B. Pulse Regulator

IX. SCR Power Stage and Grid Control Unit

A. SCR Array

B. Pulse Final Stage and Power Unit

C. Six Pulse Control Unit

D. Power Control Elements

X. Generator Exciter Limiter Unit

A. Integrator Unit

B. Exciter Current Limit Regulator

C. Stator Current Limit Regulator

D. Rotor Angle Regulator

XI. Protection

A. Volts/Hz Relay

B. Voltage Balance Relay

C. Field Ground Relay

XII. Maintenance

A. Recommended Preventative Maintenance

B. Troubleshooting and Repair

C. Testing and Calibration

Basler DECS-300/400 Voltage Regulator

The Basler DECS-300/400 Voltage Regulator Course provides personnel with a solid background in Basler DECS – 300/400 operation, maintenance, troubleshooting, and tuning. The attendee will learn the detailed operation of the DECS-300/400, recommended maintenance, troubleshooting techniques, post replacement/retrofit tuning, and common industry events. This course is appropriate for engineers and technicians that are responsible for maintenance and repair of the Basler DECS-300/400 voltage regulator.

COURSE OUTLINE

I. Introduction
II. Fundamentals

A. Generator Fundamentals

B. Voltage Regulator Fundamentals

III . DECS-300/400 Features

A. Basic Block diagram

B. Control Modes

a. AVR

b. FCR

c. VAR

d. FF

C. PID groups

D. Pre-position

E. Soft start

F. Limiters

G. Sensing Types

H. Sensing inputs

I. Auto-Tracking

J. Protection Functions

K. Metering

L. Data Logging

M. Droop Compensation

N. Communications

O. Contact Inputs

IV. Limiters and Protection

A. Overexcitation Limiter (OEL)

a. On-Line

b. Off-Line

B. Underexcitation Limiter

C. Underfrequency Limiter

a. UF Limiting

b. V/HZ Limiting

D. Stator Current Limiter

E. Protective Functions

a. Field Overvoltage

b. Field Overcurrent

c. Field Overtemperature

d. Generator Undervoltage

e. Generator Overvoltage

f. Loss of Sensing

g. System Below 10 Hz

h. Soft Start

i. Loss of Field

V. DECS-300/400 System Construction and Functionality

A. Component Layout

a. Main Field Systems

b. Exciter Field Systems

c. Special Systems

B. Interface Firing Module (IFM)

C. Rectifier Chassis

D. Field Isolation Module

E. PLC Interface and Operation

VI. DECS-300/400 Operation

A. Human Machine Interface

B. Bestcoms Software

C. IFM Software

D. Protection Coordination

E. Output Relay Configuration

F. Tuning

G. Troubleshooting

Cutler Hammer ECS 2100

The ECS2100 Digital Excitation Course provides personnel with a solid background in ECS2100 Digital Excitation System construction, maintenance and troubleshooting.

COURSE OUTLINE

I. Introduction

II. Review of Fundamentals

A. Magnetic Fields

B. Generator Action

C. Inductive, Capacitive, Resistive Loads

D. True Power, Reactive Power, Apparent Power

E. Phase Angles and Phasor Diagrams

F. Power Diodes

G. Power SCR’s

H. Power Bridge Rectifiers

I. Basic Generator Construction

J. Var/Voltage Control

K. MW/Frequency Control

L. Droop/Isochronous Operation of Voltage Regulators

III. ECS2100 Overview

A. General Overview

B. Single Control Channel System

C. Duel Control Channel System

D. Power Converter Assembly

E. Duel Control System with Supervision

F. Active Current Balance

IV. ECS2100 Functional Description

A. System Operation

B. Regulation Modes

a. AVR Mode

b. MVR Mode Current Regulation

c. MVR Mode Voltage regulation

d. VAR Control Mode

e. Power Factor Control Mode

C. Operating Mode Setpoint Followers

V. ECS2100 Hardware

A. Excitation Control Module (ECM)

B. Firing Control Interface Module (FCIM)

C. Sensor Input Module (SIM)

D. Digital I/O Module (DIOM)

E. Analog I/O Module (AIOM)

F. Power Supplies

G. Generator Ground Detection

H. De-Excitation Module (DX)

I. Crowbar Module (CB)

J. Field Flashing

K. Power Converter Assembly

a. Digital firing Logic

b. Thyristor Bridge control

L. Bridge Control Module (BCM)

VI. ECS2100 Software

A. Reactive Compensation

B. Power System Stabilizer (optional)

C. Limiters

a. Minimum Excitation Limiter Steady State Stability Limit (MEL)

b. Under Excitation Limiter Generator Capability Curve (UEL)

Hydrogen Gas Pressure Recalibration

Temperature Recalibration

c. Over Excitation Limiter (OEL)

Hydrogen Gas Pressure Recalibration

Temperature Recalibration

Instantaneous Field Current Limiter

d. V/HZ Limiter (HXL)

e. Generator Overvoltage Limiter (OVL)

f. Generator Line Current Limiter

Hydrogen Gas Pressure Recalibration

D. Alarms on ccTools

VII. ECS2100 Protection

A. Minimum Excitation Protection

B. Under Excitation Protection

C. Over Excitation Protection

D. V/HZ Protection

E. Generator Overvoltage Protection

F. Generator Line Current Protection

VIII. ECS2100 Monitoring and I/O

A. Panel Mate Color Touch Screen

a. Field Values

b. Generator Field Temperature Indication

c. Generator Megawatts and Megavars

B. Analog signal Outputs

C. Digital signal Outputs

D. Over Excitation Protection

E. V/HZ Protection

F. Generator Overvoltage Protection

G. Generator Line Current Protection

IX. ECS2100 Control and Maintenance Features

A. Operator Interface

B. Controller Configuration Tool (ccTool)

C. Transient Event Recorder

D. Event and Alarm Recorder

E. Single Event Recorder and Analyzer

F. Data Logger

Fundamentals and Basler Voltage Regulators

This 5-day course gives the attendee a practical knowledge of the operation and maintenance of Basler Voltage Regulators including troubleshooting and calibration. The appropriate fundamentals are reviewed prior to moving on to advanced topics. A great course for those responsible for the maintenance of Basler Voltage Regulators.

COURSE OUTLINE

I. Fundamentals Review

A. Voltage Regulation

B. Electronic Controls

II. Basler Voltage Regulator Types

A. SBSR

B. SR8A

C. SSE

III. Basler Voltage Regulator Description

A. Voltage Regulating Unit

B. Grid Control Unit

C. Filter Unit

D. Motor Driven Rheostat

IV. Operation

A. Measurand Converter

B. Pulse Regulator

V. Maintenance

A. Preventative Maintenance

B. Calibration

C. Troubleshooting and Repair

GE Alterrex Excitation System (Hands On)

The Alterrex Excitation System is a reliable excitation system – when properly maintained. This course gives technical personnel the knowledge necessary to maintain, troubleshoot, repair and calibrate the system.

Alterrex operation is covered in great detail, since troubleshooting is greatly aided by a solid operational understanding.

ProTec, Inc. is the industry leader in providing service work on the Alterrex Excitation System. As a result, many maintenance and troubleshooting experiences are shared with the participants. Upgrades, to improve reliability, are also covered in this course.

COURSE OUTLINE

I. Introduction

II. Generator/Voltage Regulator Fundamentals Review

III. Alterrex Block Diagram Level Overview

A. Exciter

B. Power Bridge Rectifier Bridges

C. SCR Bridges

D. Major Circuits

E. Component Locations

IV. Circuit Operation

A. Manual (DC) Regulator

B. Automatic (AC) Regulator

C. Firing Circuits

D. Current Compensators (RCC/ARCC)

E. Underexcited Reactive Ampere Limit (URAL)

F. Generator Field Current/Maximum Excitation Limit

G. Exciter Field Current Limit

H. Electronic De-excitation

I. Volts-Per-Hertz Regulator/Protection

J. Field Breaker Controls

K. 70P and 90P

V. Maintenance

A. Routine

B. Off-line calibration checks

C. On-line checks

D. Troubleshooting/Repair

E. Common Failures

VI. Industry Events

ALTERREX EXCITATION SYSTEM REFRESHER

This course is designed for those individuals that already know the Alterrex Excitation System but now need specific knowledge based upon up-coming outage work. The course content is kept flexible to accommodate the specific needs of the attendees. This course is intended as an opportunity to share industry events. Because ProTec performs a great deal of service work on the Alterrex, there is a lot of maintenance and troubleshooting experiences to share with the attendees. Again, this course is for those that already have a good understanding of the Alterrex Excitation System.

GE EX2000 Voltage Regulator (Hands-On)

This course was designed to for those personnel required to operate and maintain the GE EX2000 Excitation System. The software is discussed on a functional level to give the attendee an understanding of what the software is accomplishing. This course covers the individual sections of the excitation system (IOS, control core, protection module, etc.) and then ties all of these sections together to give the attendee a solid understanding of the interrelationships between the sections, including the role of the software. This is a great course for technicians, engineers, and operators to!

COURSE OUTLINE

I. Review of Fundamentals

A. Excitation Systems

B. Voltage/VAR Control

II. Overview of EX 2000

A. Block Diagram

B. Major Components

III. EX 2000 Boards

A. Drive Control Card (SDCC)

B. Microprocessor Application Card (TCCB)

C. DC Power and Feedback Board (DCFB)

D. Power Connect Card (PCCA)

E. SCR High Voltage Interface (SHVI)

F. PTCT Board

G. LAN Communications Card (SLCC)

H. ARCNET Terminal Board (ACNA)

I. LAN Terminal Board (LTB)

J. I/O Termination Board (NTB/3TB)

K. Relay Terminal Board (RTB)

IV. EX 2000 Control Software

A. Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR)

B. AVR Reference Ramping

C. Manual Voltage Regulator (FVR)

D. FVR Reference Ramping

E. Automatic Follow-up

F. Reactive Current Compensation (RCC)

G. Volts/Hz Regulator

H. Over Excitation Limit (OEL)

I. Under Excitation Limiter (UEL)

J. PT Failure Detector (PTFD)

V. Protection Module Software

A. Volts/Hz Protection (24G)

B. On-Line Over Excitation Protection (OET)

C. Off-Line Over Excitation Protection (OLOT)

D. Under Excitation Protection (UET)

E. Generator Overvoltage Protection (59G)

VI. Programmer

A. Operate Mode

B. Parameter Mode

C. Diagnostic Mode

VII. Intelligent Operator Station

A. Description

B. Features

C. Control Commands

GE Generrex Excitation System

The Generrex Excitation System is a reliable excitation system – when properly maintained. This course gives technical personnel the knowledge necessary to maintain, troubleshoot, repair and calibrate the system. Generrex operation is covered in great detail, since troubleshooting is greatly aided by a solid operational understanding. ProTec, Inc. is an industry leader in providing voltage regulator service support. As a result, many maintenance and troubleshooting experiences are shared with the participants.

COURSE OUTLINE

I. Review of Fundamentals

II. Generrex Overview

A. Block Diagram

B. P Windings/ C Windings

C. Power Rectifiers

D. Cabinet Layout

III. DC Regulator

A. Static Setpoint Adjuster

B. 70P Position and Counter

C. AC/DC Gate

D. Field Voltage Input

E. Field Voltage Regulator

F. Firing Circuit Control

IV. AC regulator

A. Signal Condition Card

B. AC Voltage Sensor

C. 90P – AC Voltage Regulator Setpoint Adjust

D. AC Ref & AC VOLTS – V/HZ Gate

E. AC Volts-Ural Gate

F. Overexcitation Gate

G. Normal-Fixed Field Transfer Gate

H. Stabilization and Output

I. Control Signal Receiver

J. Transfer and Tracking

V. Protection

A. Volts/Hertz

B. Underexcited Reactive Ampere Limit (URAL)

C. Maximum Excitation Protection

VI. Alarm and Trips

A. Regulator Cubicle Alarm Cards

B. Exciter Cubicle Alarms

C. Regulator and Exciter Trips

VII. Power and Field Support Circuits

A. Power Supplies

B. Inverters

C. Power Supply Monitor and Alarm Card

D. Field Support Circuits

VIII. Maintenance

A. Routine Maintenance

B. Troubleshooting and Repair

C. Off-Line Calibration

D. Most Common Failures and Industry Events

GE STATIC EXCITATION SYSTEM: Potential Source/Bus Fed, Shunt SCR

The GE Static Excitation System is a reliable excitation system – when properly maintained. This course gives technical personnel the knowledge necessary to maintain, troubleshoot, repair and calibrate the system. System operation is covered in great detail, since troubleshooting is greatly aided by a solid operational understanding.

ProTec, Inc. is an industry leader in providing service work on excitation systems. As a result, many maintenance and troubleshooting experiences are shared with the participants. In addition this course uses extensive visual aids to display waveforms.

COURSE OUTLINE

I. Introduction

II. Major Components

A. Power Potential Transformer (PPT)

B. Regulator Section

1. Interface Module

2. Signal Conditioner

3. Rack Assembly

4. Power Supply

5. Control Panels

C. Rectifier Section

III. DC Regulator

A. Static Voltage Adjuster

1. SVA Control

2. SVA Counter

3. SVA Position

IV. Inner Loop Regulator

V. AC/DC Gate

VI. Firing Circuit Control

A. Synchronizer

B. Reference Phasor

C. Trigger Generator Boards

D. Gate Driver

VII. AC Regulator

A. Signal Conditioner

B. AC Voltage Sensor

C. Impedance Compensator

D. AC Regulator

E. AC SVA

F. Transfer and Tracking

G. Underexcited Reactive Ampere Limit (URAL)

VIII. Relaying and Control Circuits

IX. SCR Rectifier Bridge

X. Maintenance and Troubleshooting

Generator Control Concepts

In order to improve the reliability and availability of the generator and excitation system it is important for technicians and engineers to understand:

the capabilities, limitations, and protective features associated with excitation systems

the difference between VARs and watts, including how they are controlled

the excitation systems role in controlling VARs

the abnormal events, including possible causes, that can result in generator damage

the excitation system limits and the protective relaying provided to prevent generator damage

The Generator Control Concepts Course emphasizes the practical application of generator control and protection concepts in order to improve proficiency and confidence in working with the equipment. This course provides the knowledge necessary to understand any excitation system.

COURSE OUTLINE

I. Generators

A. Construction

B. Fundamentals

II. Exciters

A. Rotating Exciters

B. Brushless Exciters

C. Static Exciters

III. Voltage Regulators

A. Types

B. Functions

C. Voltage Control

D. VAR Control

E. Limit Features

F. Power Bridge Rectifiers

IV. Generator Operations

A. Frequency & MW Control

B. Voltage & VAR Control

C. Synchronizing

D. Generator Capability Curves

E. Stability Concerns

F. Excitation System Considerations

V. Generator Protection

A. Short Circuit Protection

B. Ground Fault Protection

C. Overload/Thermal Protection

D. Overspeed Protection

E. Loss of Field Protection

F. Reverse Power Protection

G. Protection against Unbalanced Faults

H. Overexcitation Protection

I. Volts per Hertz Protection

J. Synch Check Relaying

Gen./Voltage Regulator Fundamentals

This course was designed to give personnel an understanding of generator operating principles. Understanding the generator operating principles gives the student the knowledge needed to understand the purpose for excitation limiters and excitation protection. The review explains in detail the difference between WATTs, VARs, and Apparent Power. During this discussion, generator construction, droop, and modes of regulation are also identified. The generator capability curve is explained, along with excitation limiters and common components of excitation protection. Each basic type of exciter arrangement is covered with the advantages and disadvantages of each.

COURSE OUTLINE

I. Introduction

II. Review of Fundamentals

A. Magnetic Fields

B. Generator Action

C. Inductive, Capacitive, Resistive Loads

D. True Power, Reactive Power, Apparent Power

E. Phase Angles and Phasor Diagrams

F. Power Diodes

G. Power SCR’s

H. Power Bridge Rectifiers

I. 6 Pulse SCR Operation

J. Basic Generator Construction

K. Var/Voltage Control

L. MW/Frequency Control

M. Droop/Isochronous Operation of Voltage

Regulators

III. Limiters and Protection

A. Generator Capability curve

B. Overexcitation Limits

On-Line

Off-Line

C. Under Excitation Limit

D. Volts/Hertz Limit

IV. Exciter Operation

A. Potential Source Exciters

B. Brushless Exciters

C. SCT/PPT Exciters

D. PCT Exciters

E. Automatic Voltage regulation

F. Manual Voltage Regulation

Westinghouse WDR Voltage Regulator

The WDR voltage regulator course is designed to improve the maintenance/troubleshooting skills of technical personnel responsible for the excitation system equipment. The WDR operation is covered in detail, since troubleshooting is greatly aided by a solid operational understanding.

ProTec, Inc. is an industry leader in providing voltage regulator service support. As a result, many maintenance and troubleshooting experiences are shared with the participants.

COURSE OUTLINE

I. Introduction

II. Review of Fundamentals

A. Generator Theory

B. Excitation System Theory

III. WDR 2000 Excitation System Overview

A. Block Diagram

B. General Description

C. Excitation Switchgear Layout

D. Power Amplifier and Firing Circuits

E. WDR 2000 Digital Module

F. Field Devices

G. Analog Back-Up (If applicable)

IV. WDR 2000 Detailed Discussion

A. DC Error Detector

B. AC Error Detector

C. Reactive Current Compensation

D. VAR Error Detector

E. PF Error Detector

F. AC Voltage Adjuster

G. DC Voltage Adjuster

H. VAR/PF Adjuster

I. Excitation System Stabilizer

J. Transient Gain Reduction (TGR)

K. Minimum Excitation Limiter (MEL)

L. Maximum Excitation Limiter (MXL)

M. Instantaneous Current Limiter (IMXL)

N. Volts Per Hertz Limiter (HXL)

O. Overvoltage Limiter (OVL)

P. Adjuster Follower

Q. Power System Stabilizer

R. Programming/Configuring

V. Routine Maintenance

A. On-Line

B. Off-Line

VI. Troubleshooting & Repair

A. Symptom Analysis

B. Most Common Failures

C. Post Repair Calibration

Westinghouse WTA

The Westinghouse WTA voltage regulator course gives technical personnel the knowledge necessary to maintain, troubleshoot, repair and calibrate the system. WTA operation is covered in great detail, since troubleshooting is greatly aided by a solid operational understanding.

ProTec, Inc. is an industry leader in providing voltage regulator service support. As a result, many maintenance and troubleshooting experiences are shared with the participants.

COURSE OUTLINE

I. Introduction

II. Review of Generator/VR Fundamentals

III. WTA Overview

A. Block Diagram

B. General Description and Layout

C. Trinistat Power Amplifier Drawer

D. Trinistat Firing Circuit Drawer

E. Regulator Logic Drawer

F. Regulator Protective Drawer

G. Base Adjuster

IV. WTA Detailed Discussion

A. Trinistat Power Amplifier

1. Power Amplifier Section

2. Pulse Transformer Module

3. Blown Fuse Alarm

B. Trinistat Firing Circuit Assembly

1. Transformer Module

2. Phase Shifter Module

3. Input Module

4. Pulse Generator

5. Loss of Pulse Module

C. Logic Drawer

1. Excitation System Damping Board

2. Compensator Modules

3. Voltage Error Detector Module

4. Signal Mixing Module

5. Minimum Excitation Limiter

6. Timer Limiter Module

D. Protective Drawer

1. Forcing Alarm

2. Timing Module (Fixed Time Timer)

3. DC-DC Isolation Transducer

V. Maintenance & Troubleshooting

A. Routine Maintenance and Calibration

B. Troubleshooting Tips

C. Most Common Failures

Diesel Generator Controls

This four-day course is designed to give the student a practical understanding of diesel generators as well as their associated auxiliary systems and controls. The engine and auxiliary systems are overviewed, however, the focus of the course is on the operation, maintenance, troubleshooting, repair and calibration of the control equipment.

Although this course emphasizes practical knowledge, fundamentals of power generation, speed control, and voltage regulation are covered. This course is of great benefit to technicians and engineers who are responsible for ensuring the availability of their diesel generators as a reliable source of emergency power.

COURSE OUTLINE

I. DIESEL ENGINE

II. AUXILIARY SYSTEMS

III. GENERATOR

A. Frequency and KW Load Control

B. Voltage and VAR Control

C. Generator Protective Relaying

IV. WOODWARD GOVERNORS

A. 2301A or EGA Control Box

1. Description

2. Operation

3. Troubleshooting

4. Calibration

B. EGB Governor

1. Electric Governor Section

2. Mechanical Governor Section

3. Drive Mechanism

4. Fuel Control Linkage

5. Operation

6. Actuator Adjustments

V. VOLTAGE REGULATOR

A. Block Diagram Description

B. Major Components

Excitation Transformer

Automatic and Manual Voltage Regulators

Motor Operated Controls (MOC)

Field Flash

Exciter Shutdown/Reset

Droop Circuit

C. Adjustments

Range, Stability, Droop Adjust

MOC Limit Switches

VI. Maintenance & Troubleshooting

VII. Industry Events

NEI (Portec) VOLTAGE REGULATORS

NEI Voltage Regulators (formerly known as Portec) are commonly found on diesel generators. This course is designed to give attendees the necessary knowledge to maintain, troubleshoot, repair and calibrate the voltage regulation equipment. Fundamentals of voltage regulation and electronic controls are reviewed at the beginning of the course.

COURSE OUTLINE

I. Fundamentals Review

A. Voltage Regulation

B. Electronic Controls

II. Voltage Regulator Description

A. Block Diagram

B. Voltage Transformer

C. Power Current Transformers

D. Linear Reactors

E. Sensing Circuit

F. Error Amplifier

G. Synchronizing Circuit

H. Firing Comparator Circuit

I. Feedback Circuit

J. Field Flash

K. Shutdown Relay Logic

L. Unit-Parallel Switch

M. Motor Operated Potentiometer

N. Pre-Positioning

III. Operation

A. Unit Mode (Isochronous)

B. Parallel Mode (Droop)

C. Start-up

D. Shutdown

IV. Maintenance

A. Preventive Maintenance

B. Calibration

C. Troubleshooting and Repair

Woodward Governors

The Woodward Governor course is designed to provide the attendee with a solid understanding of the governor along with the speed/load control boxes (2301A, EGA, EGM and Load Signal Box). Emphasis is placed on operation, maintenance and calibration of the equipment. This course is recommended for technicians and engineers who are responsible for Woodward Governor equipment on diesel generators.

COURSE OUTLINE

I. Review of Fundamentals

A. Speed Control/Load Control

II. EGB Hydraulic Actuators

A. Description

B. Principles of Operation

C. Hydraulic Amplifier

D. Electric Actuator

E. Centrifugal Section (back-up)

F. Connection to Fuel Injection

G. Maintenance & Calibration

III. Accessories

A. Speed Adjust Motor

B. Shutdown Solenoid

IV. UG8 Overspeed Governor

A. Description & Operation

V. 2301A Control Box

A. Circuit Description

B. Speed Control

C. KW Load Sharing

D. Speed & Load Sensing

E. Isochronous & Droop Modes

F. Connection to Electrical Actuator

G. Maintenance/ Troubleshooting & Calibration

VI. EGA Control Box

A. Circuit Description

B. Speed Control

C. KW Load Sharing

D. Speed & Load Sensing

E. Isochronous & Droop Modes

F. Connection to Electrical Actuator

G. Maintenance/ Troubleshooting & Calibration

VII. EGM Control Box & Load Signal Box

A. Description

B. Speed Control/Load Control

C. Speed Sensing

D. Connection to Electrical Actuator

E. Connections between EGM & Load Signal Box

F. Maintenance/ Troubleshooting & Calibration